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What is GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) depressant that acts as a sedative and anesthetic. It is commonly used illicitly as a party drug for its euphoric, sedative, and disinhibiting effects, often referred to as “liquid ecstasy,” “G,” or “fantasy”. Because it is a colorless, odorless liquid, it is also notoriously used as a date-rape drug.
Here is a detailed breakdown of GHB:
What is GHB?
- Physical Form: Usually a colorless, odorless, bitter or salty-tasting liquid sold in small vials or bottles. It can also appear as a powder or blue liquid (“blue nitro”).
- Legality: In the United States, it is a Schedule I controlled substance, meaning it has high abuse potential and no generally accepted medical use, except for specifically approved, heavily regulated forms (like Xyrem, a Schedule III drug).
- Mechanism: It is a depressant that slows down brain activity and the central nervous system.
Effects and Usage
- Usage: It is generally swallowed, sometimes mixed with drinks.
- Short-term Effects: Feelings of euphoria, increased sex drive, relaxation, and reduced inhibitions.
- Onset/Duration: Effects are typically felt within 15–30 minutes and last 3 to 6 hours.
- Dangers: There is a very narrow margin between a “high” dose and a fatal overdose.
Risks and Dangers
- Overdose: Symptoms include unconsciousness, vomiting, seizures, severe breathing problems, and coma.
- Date Rape: Because it is colorless and odorless, it can be slipped into drinks without the victim’s knowledge, causing sedation and memory loss.
- Mixing Substances: Combining GHB with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other depressants is extremely dangerous and often fatal.
- Addiction and Withdrawal: Regular use leads to tolerance and physical dependence. Withdrawal is serious and can be life-threatening, often requiring medical supervision.
Street Names
- G
- Liquid Ecstasy
- Liquid X
- Fantasy
- Georgia Home Boy
- Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH)
- Soap